Menstrual cramps, also known as dysmenorrhea, are a common experience for many women. While mild cramping is normal, severe or persistent pain during periods may indicate an underlying medical condition that requires professional attention. Ignoring such pain can impact daily life, emotional well-being, and even fertility. In this blog, we will discuss the causes of painful periods, when to see a gynecologist, and the treatment options available.
Understanding Period Pain: What’s Normal and What’s Not?
Normal Period Pain
- Usually occurs 1–2 days before or during menstruation.
- Felt in the lower abdomen, back, or thighs.
- Can be managed with over-the-counter painkillers or home remedies.
- Lasts for a few hours to two days and improves with rest or mild activity.
Abnormal Period Pain
- Severe cramping that interferes with daily activities.
- Pain that worsens over time instead of improving.
- Accompanied by heavy bleeding, blood clots, nausea, or fainting.
- Pain lasting beyond the menstrual cycle.
If you experience abnormal period pain, it’s time to visit a gynecologist.
Causes of Severe Menstrual Pain
1. Endometriosis
Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. This leads to intense pain, irregular bleeding, and infertility issues. Common symptoms include:
- Severe cramping that worsens over time.
- Pain during or after sex.
- Chronic pelvic pain.
2. Uterine Fibroids
Fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause:
- Heavy, prolonged periods.
- Lower back pain.
- Pressure in the pelvic region.
3. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS is a hormonal disorder that leads to irregular periods and excessive pain due to imbalanced hormones. Symptoms include:
- Irregular or absent periods.
- Excessive hair growth or acne.
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight.
4. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
PID is a bacterial infection affecting the reproductive organs. It may cause:
- Severe pelvic pain.
- Abnormal vaginal discharge.
- Fever and chills.
5. Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis occurs when the uterine lining grows into the muscle wall of the uterus, causing:
- Extreme period pain.
- Heavy menstrual bleeding.
- Enlarged uterus.
When Should You See a Gynecologist?
Consult a gynecologist if you experience:
✅ Severe period pain that affects daily activities.
✅ Heavy menstrual bleeding requiring frequent pad/tampon changes.
✅ Pain during intercourse.
✅ Irregular or missed periods.
✅ Clots larger than a quarter-sized during menstruation.
✅ Symptoms of infection such as fever, foul-smelling discharge, or nausea.
✅ Unexplained pelvic pain between periods.
Early diagnosis can prevent complications and improve your quality of life.
Diagnosis of Severe Menstrual Pain
Your gynecologist may recommend:
🩺 Pelvic Examination – To check for abnormalities.
🩺 Ultrasound or MRI – To detect fibroids, cysts, or endometriosis.
🩺 Laparoscopy – A minimally invasive procedure to diagnose conditions like endometriosis.
🩺 Hormone Tests – To check for hormonal imbalances (PCOS, thyroid issues).
Treatment Options for Painful Periods
1. Medications
- Pain Relievers – NSAIDs like ibuprofen help reduce period pain.
- Hormonal Birth Control – Regulates periods and reduces pain.
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonists – Used for conditions like endometriosis.
2. Lifestyle Changes
- Regular exercise and yoga to reduce cramps.
- Eating an anti-inflammatory diet rich in omega-3s, fruits, and vegetables.
- Reducing caffeine and alcohol intake.
- Applying heat therapy to the lower abdomen.
3. Surgical Treatments
- Laparoscopy – For removing endometriosis tissue or cysts.
- Myomectomy – Removal of uterine fibroids.
- Hysterectomy – In severe cases, removal of the uterus may be recommended.
Final Thoughts
While mild period pain is normal, severe or persistent cramps should never be ignored. If you experience painful periods affecting your daily life, consulting a gynecologist is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.
At Simran IVF & Wellness Centre, we specialize in diagnosing and treating menstrual disorders with advanced gynecological care. Book an appointment today to take control of your reproductive health.
🔗 Visit Simran IVF & Wellness Centre for expert consultation.